UN: 25,000 people die of hunger every day

And we say terrorism is the biggest threat to the world …

GLOBAL HUNGER

• 1.02 billion people do not have enough to eat – more than the populations of USA, Canada and the European Union;
  (Source: FAO news release, 19 June 2009)
• The number of undernourished people in the world increased by 75 million in 2007 and 40 million in 2008, largely due to higher food prices;
  (Source: FAO news release, 9 Dec 2008)
• 907 million people in developing countries alone are hungry;
  (Source: The State of Food Insecurity in the World, FAO, 2008)
• Asia and the Pacific region is home to over half the world’s population and nearly two thirds of the world’s hungry people;
  (Source: The State of Food Insecurity in the World, FAO, 2008)
• More than 60 percent of chronically hungry people are women;
  (Source: The State of Food Insecurity in the World, FAO, 2006)
• 65 percent  of the world’s hungry live in only seven countries: India, China, the Democratic Republic of Congo, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Pakistan and Ethiopia.
  (Source: The State of Food Insecurity in the World, FAO, 2008)

CHILD HUNGER

• Every six seconds a child dies because of hunger and related causes;
  (Source: State of Food Insecurity in the World, FAO, 2004)
• More than 70 percent of the world’s 146 million underweight children under age five years live in just 10 countries, with more than 50 per cent located in South Asia alone;
  (Source: Progress for Children: A Report Card on Nutrition, UNICEF, 2006)
• 10.9 million children under five die in developing countries each year. Malnutrition and hunger-related diseases cause 60 percent of the deaths;
  (Source: The State of the World’s Children, UNICEF, 2007)
• The cost of undernutrition to national economic development is estimated at US$20-30 billion per annum;
  (Source: Progress for Children: A Report Card on Nutrition, UNICEF, 2006)
• One out of four children – roughly 146 million – in developing countries are underweight;
  (Source: The State of the World’s Children, UNICEF, 2007)
• Every year WFP feeds more than 20 million children in school feeding programmes in some 70 countries. In 2008, WFP fed a record 23 million children.
  (Source: WFP School Feeding Unit)

MALNUTRITION

• It is estimated that 684,000 child deaths worldwide could be prevented by increasing access to vitamin A and zinc
  (Source: WFP Annual Report 2007)
• Undernutrition contributes to 53 percent of the 9.7 million deaths of children under five each year in developing countries. This means that one child dies every six seconds from malnutrition and related causes.
  (Source: Under five deaths by cause, UNICEF, 2006)
• Lack of Vitamin A kills a million infants a year
  (Source: Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency, A Global Progress Report, UNICEF)
• Iron deficiency is the most prevalent form of malnutrition worldwide, affecting an estimated 2 billion people.6 Eradicating iron deficiency can improve national productivity levels by as much as 20 percent.
  (Source: World Health Organization, WHO Global Database on Anaemia)
• Iron deficiency is impairing the mental development of 40-60 percent children in developing countries
  (Source: Vitamin and Mineral Deficiency, A Global Progress Report, p2, UNICEF)
• Vitamin A deficiency affects approximately 25 percent of the developing world’s pre-schoolers. It is associated with blindness, susceptibility to disease and higher mortality rates. It leads to the death of approximately 1-3 million children each year.
  (Source: UN Standing Committee on Nutrition. World Nutrition Situation 5th report. 2005)
• Iodine deficiency is the greatest single cause of mental retardation and brain damage. Worldwide, 1.9 billion people are at risk of iodine deficiency, which can easily be prevented by adding iodine to salt
  (Source:  UN Standing Committee on Nutrition. World Nutrition Situation 5th report. 2005)
• WFP-supported deworming reached 10 million children in 2007
  (Source: WFP Annual Performance Report 2007)

FOOD & HIV/AIDS

• In the countries most heavily affected, HIV has reduced life expectancy by more than 20 years, slowed economic growth, and deepened household poverty.
  (Source: 2008 UNAIDS Global Report on the AIDS Epidemic)
• In sub-Saharan Africa alone, the epidemic has orphaned nearly 12 million children aged under 18 years.
  (Source: 2008 UNAIDS Global Report on the AIDS Epidemic).
• WFP and UNAIDS project that it will cost on average US $0.70 cents per day to nutritionally support an AIDS patient and his/her family.
  (Source: Cost of Nutritional Support for HIV/AIDS Projects, WFP, July 2008)
• Assistance for orphans and vulnerable children is estimated at US$0.31 per day.
  (Source: Cost of Nutritional Support for HIV/AIDS Projects, WFP, July 2008)

AID SPENDING

• In a 1970 UN Resolution, most industrialised nations committed themselves to tackling global poverty by spending 0.7 percent of their national incomes on international aid by 1975. Only Norway, Sweden, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Denmark regularly meet his target
  (Source: DATA (Debt, AIDS, Trade, Africa) facts map, 2006-2007)
• The 22 member countries of the OECD Development Assistance Committee, the world’s major donors, provided USD 103.9 billion in aid in 2006 – down by 5.1 percent from 2005
  (Source: OECD – Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2007)
• The largest donors were the United States (US$24 billion), Japan (US$18 billion), the United Kingdom (US$13 billion), Germany and France (US$12 billion each), the Netherlands (nearly US$6 billion), Spain and Italy (just over US$4 billion each) representing 80 percent of the total
  (Source: Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2007)

The Current Status on World Hunger

By Thomas Sullivan

Where does starvation exist in the world today? What are some of the causes of world hunger? Are citizens of developed countries donating monetarily to the ongoing relief efforts? In this article I will address these questions with the hope that by creating an understanding of the current world hunger situation, morally conscious individuals will do their part in contributing to an eradication of this unseen suffering.

It is a well known fact that there is enough food in the world to feed every human being on earth. Sadly, malnutrition and hunger still afflict one out of every seven people in the world today. Or, from a slightly different statistical perspective, the current world population is 4,712,200,000. The number of malnourished is 797,900,000. Therefore 17% of the world population is currently malnourished or starving. No matter how you examine the issue, a current crisis is at hand. Why is this so?

The causes of starvation are complex, but there are some common threads that seem to be associated with this problem. First and foremost, starvation is caused by poverty. To address the problem of world hunger then the problem of global poverty must be addressed. Therefore, the question that we should examine is what are the causes of poverty. A thorough discussion on the causes of global poverty is outside the purview of this article. Entire textbooks have been written on the subject. For our discussion, it is suffice to say that one of the major causes of poverty is governments pursuing policies that inhibit self sufficiency.

Areas of starvation are also characterized by persistent problems in cultivating food from lack of seed, arable land, and tools. Those that can grow food, must deal with insects, drought, floods, and war, which can result in complete destruction of crops. Historically, areas of Africa have experienced periodic locusts infestations, which can completely destroy crops.

Other causes of world hunger are related to the globalize system of food production. The globalize system of food production and trade favors a reliance on export crops while discriminating against small-scale farmers and subsistence crops. Many third world countries export out to much food while concomitantly not keeping enough food to sustain their own people.

AIDS is a significant cause of hunger. In societies affected by AIDS, famine is more deadly and difficult to combat. Why is this so? AIDS attacks the most productive individuals within society. Fewer productive people within society means fewer individuals to work the jobs that involve food production. This is one contributor to the starvation currently taking place in Africa.

Weather plays a major role in terms of the prevalence of starvation. Areas of drought leads to non-useable land with subsequent famine. This is well known. But less well known is that floods can also lead to starvation. Crops can be flooded and therefore destroyed, which in essence produces the same result as drought. In both cases, weather can produce a complete lack of self sufficiency.

Military conflicts, both internal and between neighboring countries, can lead to starvation. These conflicts can result in destruction of crops. Government money is directed at funding the conflict at the expense of the starving people. Funds are diverted from social and economic development. Military conflicts can also result in the displacement of large groups of people, removing them from their farms and their way of life. People can end up in refugee camps, completely dependent on relief aid.

The causative factors of world hunger are numerous, and certain factors change from year to year, therefore at any given time, some areas may be more prone then others. The extent of drought, flood, internal conflicts, and war with neighboring countries can vary over time. Therefore, these factors incorporate a variable affect on the degree to which inhabitants of susceptible countries suffer from starvation.

A combination of these causative factors in a particular region is a formula for disaster. When this occurs, large scale starvation can take place. A case in point. The Horn of Africa has seen severe drought coupled with internal conflicts. This is leading to the development of a tragedy. In this region currently 11 million people are on the brink of starvation.

Historically, certain areas of the world have had a high prevalence of hunger and starvation. These areas are the central region of South America, large areas of East, Central, and Southern Africa, and regions of South Asia. As of 2006, the current hot spots, those areas which are suffering the greatest degree of starvation, are as follows:

Niger:
This area in central Africa has been struggling to cope with the devastating impact of drought and locusts infestations.

Haiti:
In this region extreme poverty has been further exacerbated by a political crisis, floods, tropical storms, and hurricanes.

Horn of Africa:
An estimated 11 million people in the Horn of Africa “are on the brink of starvation” because of severe drought and war. Somalia, Kenya, Djibouti and Ethiopia need food aid, water, new livestock and seeds. This is a major hunger crisis in development.

Afghanistan:
Poverty in Afghanistan, made worse by drought, has contributed greatly to their hunger problem.

Pakistan:
The recent earthquake coupled with a severe winter have produced starvation conditions. Recently, mud slides have hampered relief efforts.

North Korea: Food insecurity caused by the countries economic problems, is compounded by unpredictable and severe weather conditions. To date, the North Korean government has failed in its duty to provide for it‘s starving people. The North Korean government has actually refused foreign aid.

Columbia:
A 40 year civil conflict and the illegal drug trade have caused mass displacement and poverty.

Democratic Republic of Congo:
3.4 million people have been internally displaced as a result of a continuing internal conflict.

Mali:
They are struggling to cope with the devastating impact of a recent drought.

Southern Africa:
Erratic weather, lack of seed and fertilizer, chronic poverty, and AIDS have been contributing factors to starvation.

These are the areas of the world which are currently suffering the highest levels of malnutrition and hunger. With this understanding of where relief efforts are needed, we must address the question of individual response. Are individuals of developed countries donating to relief efforts? Most morally conscious individuals donate to relief efforts when the problem is presented to them.

A major problem in the relief effort is the general population of developed countries not knowing about the current hunger crisis. News organizations, more specifically television news, are not giving enough attention to the global hunger situation. While an in depth discussion as to the reasons for this is outside the purview of this article, a few points can be made.

Evidently, the American TV news organizations, do not think world hunger is much of a story since starvation is a daily occurrence. I suspect, from the perspective of these news organizations, that 24,000 people per day dying from hunger is not a big enough news story. When 1,386 people died from hurricane Katrina, the news coverage was enormous. Five months after hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, TV news organizations were still squeezing all they could out of this story. Granted this was an obvious tragedy, but an even bigger tragedy, much bigger, is going on in Africa and the general public does not even know about it.

I have seen little to almost no coverage given by American TV news organizations on the devastating hunger crisis in the Horn of Africa. I have only learned of this crisis through RSS feeds on the Internet. Television news organizations such as CNN, ABC, CBS, and NBC are thus far not reporting on this crisis. Hopefully this will change.

It is evident that the American TV news organizations do not really provide total and complete news, rather they screen the events and only provide what they feel may be interesting to their audience. News organizations should present the news and concomitantly maintain high journalistic standards. Maybe these news organizations need to incorporate a higher level of moral obligation into their decision making process, when deciding which stories to cover. In any case, people can not donate if they do not know the problem exists.

We have addressed some key questions in order to characterize the current status of the world hunger situation. We have examined where hunger is the most prevalent in the world today, and we have identified some of the causative factors which contribute to malnutrition, hunger, and starvation. We have concluded that most morally conscious individuals would contribute to the elimination of hunger, if they knew about the crisis. Finally, we have observed that the degree of world hunger coverage by TV news organizations is very much lacking.

Even though TV news organizations have not been covering the current world hunger crisis, by reading this article, you have developed an understanding of the degree to which starvation is prevalent in the world today. If you are reading this in a developed country, which is highly likely since you are reading it on a computer which has Internet access, you have a moral obligation to donate either time or money to help in the elimination of unseen suffering. Winston Churchill once said “we make a living by what we get, but we make a life by what we give.” We must all do our part to eliminate world hunger.

Thomas Sullivan is a Search Engine Optimizer, Webmaster, and activist in the area of world hunger elimination. He has built and currently maintains several websites. A relevant website he currently manages is Hunger Relief Organizations – World Hunger Statistics. He also maintains the blog World Hunger News. For comments or questions his email can be found on his website.

Credit: http://www.healthy-charity.com/

‘Economic shock can send millions below poverty line’

ISLAMABAD: Almost 75 per cent of the poor in Pakistan are clustered around the poverty line. A slight increase in income can drive a large number of people above it, while one crop failure or economic shock can send millions below the red line, according to a finance ministry survey.

The survey was released to coincide with the ‘International Day for the Eradication of Poverty’, observed on Saturday.

According to official figures, a sustained period of economic growth saw a fall in the national poverty rate by more than 11 percentage points between 2001 and 2006.

However, recent estimates showed that nearly a quarter of the country’s population remained poor, with a significant number barely clinging to the poverty line.

Terming higher economic growth indispensable for poverty reduction, the survey said investment in human capital and higher spending on social sector was required.
It noted that typical coping strategies had a negative impact on welfare and tended to perpetuate inter-generational poverty.

According to the document, aggregate shocks like calamities and recent global food, fuel and financial crises, and shocks of personal nature like health and unemployment, burden households, particularly those in the rural areas, with considerable additional costs.

Such shocks are likely to reverse the declining trend of poverty unless measures are taken to protect vulnerable households.

According to a recent UN assessment, households unable to meet medical expenses increased from 6 per cent to 30 per cent in 2008. It also expressed fears of a massive increase in school dropouts.

The diminished purchasing power has severely impaired the capacity of poor households to seek healthcare, and children’s education, particularly for girls. This situation has been further aggravated by falling nutrition levels.

The World Bank estimated that the poverty head count ratio could increase to more than 25 per cent by 2009-10.

The ministry of finance has finalised the second generation Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP-II), covering the period up to 2011, which is aimed at reducing poverty by regaining macroeconomic stability.

Preliminary findings of the poverty analysis in Pakistan carried out by the Asian Development Bank showed that extreme pockets of poverty existed in rural Sindh and southern Punjab while entire Balochistan was poor by all indicators of poverty and development.

The ADB report said that poor people also struggled with prevailing patterns of land ownership, malfunctioning labour markets, lack of access to education and health services, and discriminatory social structures in rural areas.

Urban areas, meanwhile, suffered from deteriorating living environments, inadequate access to basic services, security problems and poor infrastructure.

Existing publicly financed social protection programmes in Pakistan are limited in their coverage, administration, targeting efficiency and ability to respond to shocks.

Until the introduction of the Benazir Income Support Programme in 2008, the country’s safety net system comprised basically two cash transfer programmes – Zakat and the Food Support Programme administered by the Baitul Maal.

Both Baitul Maal and Zakat are weakly targeted to the poor: Only 46 per cent of Baitul Maal’s total expenditure (and 43 per cent of total Zakat funds) reach the poorest 40 per cent of the population.

Credit: http://www.dawn.com/wps/wcm/connect/dawn-content-library/dawn/news/pakistan/16-economic-shock-can-send-millions-below-poverty-line-hs-07